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Eliminating pigment rub-out in water-based coatings

using Fristam High-Shear Mixing Technology

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Introduction to the application and industry overview

Manufacturers of coloured water-based coatings & paint must achieve fine, stable pigment dispersion to ensure uniform colour, smooth surface finish and consistent product performance. Inadequate dispersion can lead to pigment settling and visible colour shift in the dried coating film, commonly known as rub-out. High-shear processing with Fristam mixing technology eliminated rub-out, produced homogeneous paint, and improved coated surface quality in an industrial coatings application.

Customer brief

To maintain colour consistency and surface quality, the customer needed a mixing solution capable of applying sufficient shear to deagglomerate pigment particles and achieve a particle size below approximately 10 µm, while also enabling rapid and homogeneous incorporation of colour paste into base paint.

Previously unsuccessful methods

Before implementing the Fristam solution, the customer used a bottom-entry tank blender to disperse pigments within the water-based coating. The process took hours, and multiple recirculation’s and the product still wasn’t satisfactory.

While the bottom-entry mixer provided general circulation, it delivered limited localised shear energy which led to partially broken pigment clusters, uneven colour development and settling within the wet film.

These effects commonly appear as rub-out, colour variation, reduced surface smoothness and inconsistent finish quality on coated substrates.

Previously unsuccessful methods

Fristam’s solution

Fristam implemented a Fristam FS shear blender with a 3532 rotor stator configuration. The blenders rotor-stator shearing action applies intensive mechanical energy with tight clearances and high tip speeds, enabling efficient deagglomeration of pigment particles and production of highly homogeneous multiphase products.

Trial Set-Up

1. Water-based paint was recirculated through the Fristam FS shear blender to apply controlled high-shear dispersion.

2. The product passed through the shear stage three times to achieve the required pigment deagglomeration and particle size reduction.

3. Following high-shear processing, rub-out in the coated film was eliminated and the paint exhibited full homogeneity with a smooth coated surface.

4. Colour paste was then introduced into the base paint using an inline introduction valve, rapidly producing a homogeneous coloured coating.

5. The Fristam FS Shear Blender ensured the colour paste was dispersed evenly in the paint mix.

Fristam’s solution

A successful outcome with Fristam FS Shear Blender

High-shear recirculation through the Fristam FS shear blender eliminated pigment rub-out, produced a homogeneous coating and delivered a smooth surface finish on coated test boards. The process was significantly faster than the previous method of bottom entry mixing. The customer purchased the trial unit immediately, so impressed by the speed, easy integration into their existing process and the end quality of the product.

Do you have any questions so far?

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Process / Product quality benefits

Process / Product quality benefits

  • Elimination of pigment rub-out and colour shift during production
  • Fine pigment dispersion below approximately 10 µm
  • Homogeneous coating structure and smooth surface finish
  • Significantly faster processing times
Sustainability benefits

Sustainability benefits

  • Reduced raw material and final batch waste
  • Faster process = more energy efficient
  • Allowed the manufacturer to keep the majority of their equipment and simply modify what they had, reducing environmental impact of purchasing new equipment
Financial benefits

Financial benefits

  • Less energy used during production due to shorter process times
  • Batches no longer scrapped due to poor quality
  • Integration into the current process simple – minimal expense to modify
Other benefits

Other benefits

  • Less stress on operators and quality control to monitor the products end quality

Similar applications

  • High-shear dispersion of pigments, fillers, and functional particles in water-based paints, coatings, inks, and surface finishes
  • Homogenisation of multiphase liquid formulations in chemical, cosmetic, and materials processing where stable particle distribution and uniform surface quality are critical
  • Controlled deagglomeration processes requiring intensive rotor-stator shear and repeatable dispersion performance across industrial manufacturing environments

Frequently Asked Questions

Rub-out occurs when pigment particles are not fully deagglomerated and settle unevenly within the wet paint film, leading to visible colour variation and inconsistent surface appearance after drying.

In addition to mixing & blending technology – check out Fristam’s full range of pumping technologies suitable for the chemical industry.

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